diff --git a/cmd/genfeatures/main.go b/cmd/genfeatures/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b46f7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/genfeatures/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Command genfeatures extracts the vanilla feature datapack subset from the
+// Mojang bundler jar into one deterministic archive embedded by worldgen.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"bytes"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var prefixes = []string{
+	"data/minecraft/worldgen/configured_feature/",
+	"data/minecraft/worldgen/placed_feature/",
+	"data/minecraft/worldgen/biome/",
+	"data/minecraft/tags/block/",
+}
+
+func main() {
+	server := flag.String("server", "server.jar", "Mojang bundler server.jar")
+	output := flag.String("output", "internal/worldgen/feature_data.zip", "output archive")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	outer, err := zip.OpenReader(*server)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer outer.Close()
+	var innerBytes []byte
+	for _, file := range outer.File {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(file.Name, "META-INF/versions/") && strings.HasSuffix(file.Name, ".jar") {
+			innerBytes, err = readZipFile(file)
+			if err != nil {
+				fatal(err)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if len(innerBytes) == 0 {
+		fatal(fmt.Errorf("%s contains no inner server jar", *server))
+	}
+	inner, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(innerBytes), int64(len(innerBytes)))
+	if err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	type entry struct {
+		name string
+		data []byte
+	}
+	entries := make([]entry, 0, 1024)
+	for _, file := range inner.File {
+		if file.FileInfo().IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(file.Name, ".json") || !selected(file.Name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := readZipFile(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			fatal(err)
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, entry{name: file.Name, data: data})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool { return entries[i].name < entries[j].name })
+	if len(entries) < 500 {
+		fatal(fmt.Errorf("only %d feature datapack files found; wrong server version", len(entries)))
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(*output), 0o755); err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	tmp := *output + ".tmp"
+	f, err := os.Create(tmp)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	zw := zip.NewWriter(f)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		header := &zip.FileHeader{Name: entry.name, Method: zip.Deflate}
+		header.SetModTime(time.Unix(0, 0).UTC())
+		writer, err := zw.CreateHeader(header)
+		if err != nil {
+			fatal(err)
+		}
+		if _, err := writer.Write(entry.data); err != nil {
+			fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := zw.Close(); err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.Sync(); err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, *output); err != nil {
+		fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("wrote %s with %d vanilla datapack files\n", *output, len(entries))
+}
+
+func selected(name string) bool {
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func readZipFile(file *zip.File) ([]byte, error) {
+	r, err := file.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+	return io.ReadAll(r)
+}
+
+func fatal(err error) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "genfeatures:", err)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
diff --git a/internal/world/orevein_verify_test.go b/internal/world/orevein_verify_test.go
index 4a0f99f..97698a0 100644
--- a/internal/world/orevein_verify_test.go
+++ b/internal/world/orevein_verify_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package world
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"regionio/internal/worldgen"
+)
 
 // Ore-vein block states, from OreVeinifier.VeinType. Copper's ore is the plain
 // stone variant and iron's is the deepslate one; neither switches with depth.
@@ -21,7 +25,18 @@ const (
 // the sign of the veininess noise but its window comes from the type, so a
 // single block outside a window means the guard is wrong.
 func TestOreVeins(t *testing.T) {
-	gen := NewVanillaGenerator(12345)
+	const seed = 12345
+	od, err := worldgen.LoadOverworldFinalDensity(seed)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	picker := worldgen.OverworldFluidPicker(od.SeaLevel)
+	veins := worldgen.NewOreVeinifier(od)
+	carver, err := worldgen.NewCarver(od, seed)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	initCarverReplaceable(carver.ReplaceableBlocks())
 	counts := map[uint16]int{}
 	lowest := map[uint16]int{}
 	highest := map[uint16]int{}
@@ -33,7 +48,10 @@ func TestOreVeins(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for cx := int32(-60); cx <= 60; cx += 20 {
 		for cz := int32(-60); cz <= 60; cz += 20 {
-			ch := gen(cx, cz)
+			// Call the terrain/material pass directly and skip decorate. Ordinary
+			// placed ores share several states with mega-veins and cannot be
+			// distinguished by block ID after decoration.
+			ch := generateVanillaWithoutDecoration(od, picker, veins, carver, seed, cx, cz)
 			for wy := MinY; wy < 60; wy++ {
 				for lx := 0; lx < 16; lx++ {
 					for lz := 0; lz < 16; lz++ {
diff --git a/internal/world/placed_features.go b/internal/world/placed_features.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..410f6ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/world/placed_features.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package world
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"regionio/internal/worldgen"
+)
+
+const undergroundOresStage = 6
+
+type resolvedOreTarget struct {
+	state        uint16
+	replaceables map[uint16]bool
+}
+
+func placeVanillaOres(c *Chunk, seed int64, cx, cz int32, biomes *[16][16]string) {
+	set, err := worldgen.LoadFeatureSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("world: loading feature datapack: " + err.Error())
+	}
+	random, decorationSeed := worldgen.DecorationRandom(seed, int(cx), int(cz))
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for bx := 0; bx < 16; bx += 4 {
+		for bz := 0; bz < 16; bz += 4 {
+			biome := set.Biomes[biomes[bx][bz]]
+			if len(biome.Features) <= undergroundOresStage {
+				continue
+			}
+			for featureIndex, name := range biome.Features[undergroundOresStage] {
+				if seen[name] {
+					continue
+				}
+				seen[name] = true
+				placed := set.Placed[name]
+				configured := set.Configured[placed.Feature]
+				if configured.Type != "minecraft:ore" {
+					continue
+				}
+				config, err := set.Ore(placed.Feature)
+				if err != nil {
+					panic(err)
+				}
+				plan, err := set.Placement(name)
+				if err != nil {
+					panic(err)
+				}
+				targets, ok := resolveOreTargets(set, config)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				random.SetFeatureSeed(decorationSeed, featureIndex, undergroundOresStage)
+				if plan.RarityChance > 0 && random.NextIntN(int32(plan.RarityChance)) != 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				attempts := plan.Count.Sample(random)
+				for attempt := 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++ {
+					x := int(random.NextIntN(16))
+					z := int(random.NextIntN(16))
+					y := plan.SampleY(random, MinY, WorldHeight)
+					placeOreEllipsoid(c, random, x, y, z, config.Size, config.DiscardAirExposure, targets)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func resolveOreTargets(set *worldgen.FeatureSet, config worldgen.OreFeatureConfig) ([]resolvedOreTarget, bool) {
+	targets := make([]resolvedOreTarget, 0, len(config.Targets))
+	for _, target := range config.Targets {
+		state, ok := nameToStateID(target.State.Name, nil)
+		if !ok || target.Target.PredicateType != "minecraft:tag_match" {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		replaceables := make(map[uint16]bool)
+		for _, name := range set.BlockTags[target.Target.Tag] {
+			id, ok := nameToStateID(name, nil)
+			if ok {
+				replaceables[id] = true
+			}
+		}
+		if len(replaceables) == 0 {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		targets = append(targets, resolvedOreTarget{state: state, replaceables: replaceables})
+	}
+	return targets, true
+}
+
+func placeOreEllipsoid(c *Chunk, random worldgen.RandomSource, originX, originY, originZ, size int, discard float64, targets []resolvedOreTarget) {
+	angle := float64(random.NextFloat()) * math.Pi
+	extent := float64(size) / 8.0
+	x0 := float64(originX+8) + math.Sin(angle)*extent
+	x1 := float64(originX+8) - math.Sin(angle)*extent
+	z0 := float64(originZ+8) + math.Cos(angle)*extent
+	z1 := float64(originZ+8) - math.Cos(angle)*extent
+	y0 := float64(originY + int(random.NextIntN(3)) - 2)
+	y1 := float64(originY + int(random.NextIntN(3)) - 2)
+
+	type sphere struct{ x, y, z, radius float64 }
+	spheres := make([]sphere, size)
+	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+		t := float64(i) / float64(size)
+		radius := (math.Sin(math.Pi*t) + 1.0) * (float64(random.NextDouble())*float64(size)/16.0 + 1.0) / 2.0
+		spheres[i] = sphere{
+			x:      x0 + (x1-x0)*t,
+			y:      y0 + (y1-y0)*t,
+			z:      z0 + (z1-z0)*t,
+			radius: radius,
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range spheres {
+		if spheres[i].radius < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for j := i + 1; j < len(spheres); j++ {
+			if spheres[j].radius < 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			dx, dy, dz := spheres[i].x-spheres[j].x, spheres[i].y-spheres[j].y, spheres[i].z-spheres[j].z
+			dr := spheres[i].radius - spheres[j].radius
+			if dr*dr > dx*dx+dy*dy+dz*dz {
+				if dr > 0 {
+					spheres[j].radius = -1
+				} else {
+					spheres[i].radius = -1
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	visited := make(map[[3]int]bool)
+	for _, sphere := range spheres {
+		if sphere.radius < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		minX, maxX := int(math.Floor(sphere.x-sphere.radius)), int(math.Floor(sphere.x+sphere.radius))
+		minY, maxY := int(math.Floor(sphere.y-sphere.radius)), int(math.Floor(sphere.y+sphere.radius))
+		minZ, maxZ := int(math.Floor(sphere.z-sphere.radius)), int(math.Floor(sphere.z+sphere.radius))
+		for x := minX; x <= maxX; x++ {
+			if x < 0 || x >= 16 {
+				continue
+			}
+			dx := (float64(x) + 0.5 - sphere.x) / sphere.radius
+			if dx*dx >= 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+			for y := minY; y <= maxY; y++ {
+				if y < MinY || y >= MinY+WorldHeight {
+					continue
+				}
+				dy := (float64(y) + 0.5 - sphere.y) / sphere.radius
+				if dx*dx+dy*dy >= 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				for z := minZ; z <= maxZ; z++ {
+					if z < 0 || z >= 16 {
+						continue
+					}
+					dz := (float64(z) + 0.5 - sphere.z) / sphere.radius
+					pos := [3]int{x, y, z}
+					if dx*dx+dy*dy+dz*dz >= 1 || visited[pos] {
+						continue
+					}
+					visited[pos] = true
+					current := c.GetBlock(x, y, z)
+					for _, target := range targets {
+						if !target.replaceables[current] || discard > 0 && random.NextFloat() < float32(discard) && exposedToAir(c, x, y, z) {
+							continue
+						}
+						c.SetBlock(x, y, z, target.state)
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func exposedToAir(c *Chunk, x, y, z int) bool {
+	for _, offset := range [][3]int{{1, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, -1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, -1}} {
+		nx, ny, nz := x+offset[0], y+offset[1], z+offset[2]
+		if nx < 0 || nx >= 16 || nz < 0 || nz >= 16 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if c.GetBlock(nx, ny, nz) == StateAir {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/internal/world/placed_features_test.go b/internal/world/placed_features_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..953c0ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/world/placed_features_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package world
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestPlacedOresUseStoneAndDeepslateTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	gen := NewVanillaGenerator(12345)
+	want := map[uint16]string{
+		131:  "iron ore",
+		132:  "deepslate iron ore",
+		5307: "diamond ore",
+		5308: "deepslate diamond ore",
+	}
+	counts := make(map[uint16]int)
+	for cx := int32(-8); cx <= 8; cx += 4 {
+		for cz := int32(-8); cz <= 8; cz += 4 {
+			chunk := gen(cx, cz)
+			for y := MinY; y < 128; y++ {
+				for x := 0; x < 16; x++ {
+					for z := 0; z < 16; z++ {
+						counts[chunk.GetBlock(x, y, z)]++
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for state, name := range want {
+		if counts[state] == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("no %s generated by placed ore features", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPlacedOresAreDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	gen := NewVanillaGenerator(4242)
+	a, b := gen(3, -2), gen(3, -2)
+	for y := MinY; y < MinY+WorldHeight; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < 16; x++ {
+			for z := 0; z < 16; z++ {
+				if got, want := a.GetBlock(x, y, z), b.GetBlock(x, y, z); got != want {
+					t.Fatalf("block (%d,%d,%d): first %d second %d", x, y, z, got, want)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/world/store.go b/internal/world/store.go
index b8617a4..91cb0cb 100644
--- a/internal/world/store.go
+++ b/internal/world/store.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const dataVersion26 = 4790
 // first time it ran: chunkAt prefers the store over the generator, so the
 // already-explored area around spawn keeps its old terrain and every later fix
 // looks like it did nothing in exactly the place you are standing.
-const generatorVersion = 12
+const generatorVersion = 13
 
 // generatorVersionTag is the NBT key holding generatorVersion. It is namespaced
 // because it is ours, not part of the vanilla chunk format.
diff --git a/internal/world/vanilla.go b/internal/world/vanilla.go
index 4295a6b..4700331 100644
--- a/internal/world/vanilla.go
+++ b/internal/world/vanilla.go
@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@ func NewVanillaGenerator(seed int64) Generator {
 }
 
 func generateVanilla(od *worldgen.OverworldDensity, fluidPicker worldgen.FluidPicker, veins *worldgen.OreVeinifier, carver *worldgen.Carver, seed int64, cx, cz int32) *Chunk {
+	return generateVanillaDecorated(od, fluidPicker, veins, carver, seed, cx, cz, true)
+}
+
+func generateVanillaWithoutDecoration(od *worldgen.OverworldDensity, fluidPicker worldgen.FluidPicker, veins *worldgen.OreVeinifier, carver *worldgen.Carver, seed int64, cx, cz int32) *Chunk {
+	return generateVanillaDecorated(od, fluidPicker, veins, carver, seed, cx, cz, false)
+}
+
+func generateVanillaDecorated(od *worldgen.OverworldDensity, fluidPicker worldgen.FluidPicker, veins *worldgen.OreVeinifier, carver *worldgen.Carver, seed int64, cx, cz int32, withDecoration bool) *Chunk {
 	c := NewChunk(cx, cz, BiomePlains) // per-cell biomes override below
 	baseX, baseZ := int(cx)*16, int(cz)*16
 
@@ -171,7 +179,9 @@ func generateVanilla(od *worldgen.OverworldDensity, fluidPicker worldgen.FluidPi
 		}
 	}
 	fillBiomes3D(c, od, s2D, baseX, baseZ)
-	decorate(c, od, cx, cz, seed, &surfTop, &grass, &biomeName)
+	if withDecoration {
+		decorate(c, od, cx, cz, seed, &surfTop, &grass, &biomeName)
+	}
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -468,7 +478,7 @@ func bedrockAt(rng *chunkRand, d int) bool {
 func decorate(c *Chunk, od *worldgen.OverworldDensity, cx, cz int32, seed int64, surfTop *[16][16]int, grass *[16][16]bool, biomeName *[16][16]string) {
 	r := newChunkRand(cx, cz, seed)
 
-	placeOres(c, &r)
+	placeVanillaOres(c, seed, cx, cz, biomeName)
 	placeFlora(c, &r, surfTop, grass, biomeName)
 	placeDesertFeatures(c, &r, surfTop, biomeName)
 	placeRocks(c, &r, surfTop, grass, biomeName)
diff --git a/internal/worldgen/feature_data.zip b/internal/worldgen/feature_data.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b029e6
Binary files /dev/null and b/internal/worldgen/feature_data.zip differ
diff --git a/internal/worldgen/features.go b/internal/worldgen/features.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e431f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/worldgen/features.go
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+package worldgen
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"bytes"
+	_ "embed"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+//go:embed feature_data.zip
+var featureData []byte
+
+// FeatureSet is the validated vanilla datapack graph used by decoration.
+type FeatureSet struct {
+	Configured map[string]ConfiguredFeature
+	Placed     map[string]PlacedFeature
+	Biomes     map[string]BiomeGeneration
+	BlockTags  map[string][]string
+}
+
+type ConfiguredFeature struct {
+	Type   string
+	Config json.RawMessage
+}
+
+type PlacedFeature struct {
+	Feature   string
+	Placement []PlacementModifier
+}
+
+type PlacementModifier struct {
+	Type string
+	Raw  json.RawMessage
+}
+
+type OreFeatureConfig struct {
+	Size               int
+	DiscardAirExposure float64 `json:"discard_chance_on_air_exposure"`
+	Targets            []OreTarget
+}
+
+type OreTarget struct {
+	State struct {
+		Name string `json:"Name"`
+	} `json:"state"`
+	Target struct {
+		PredicateType string `json:"predicate_type"`
+		Tag           string `json:"tag"`
+	} `json:"target"`
+}
+
+type PlacementPlan struct {
+	Count              CountProvider
+	RarityChance       int
+	HeightDistribution string
+	MinY               HeightProvider
+	MaxY               HeightProvider
+}
+
+type CountProvider struct {
+	Min, Max int
+}
+
+type HeightProvider struct {
+	Absolute    *int
+	AboveBottom *int
+	BelowTop    *int
+}
+
+func (p CountProvider) Sample(r RandomSource) int {
+	if p.Max <= p.Min {
+		return p.Min
+	}
+	return p.Min + int(r.NextIntN(int32(p.Max-p.Min+1)))
+}
+
+func (p HeightProvider) Resolve(minY, height int) int {
+	if p.Absolute != nil {
+		return *p.Absolute
+	}
+	if p.AboveBottom != nil {
+		return minY + *p.AboveBottom
+	}
+	if p.BelowTop != nil {
+		return minY + height - 1 - *p.BelowTop
+	}
+	return minY
+}
+
+func (p PlacementPlan) SampleY(r RandomSource, minY, height int) int {
+	lo, hi := p.MinY.Resolve(minY, height), p.MaxY.Resolve(minY, height)
+	if hi < lo {
+		return lo
+	}
+	span := hi - lo + 1
+	if p.HeightDistribution == "minecraft:trapezoid" {
+		plateau := 0
+		triangle := span - plateau
+		return lo + int(r.NextIntN(int32((triangle+1)/2))) + int(r.NextIntN(int32(triangle/2+1)))
+	}
+	return lo + int(r.NextIntN(int32(span)))
+}
+
+func DecorationRandom(seed int64, chunkX, chunkZ int) (*Legacy, int64) {
+	random := NewLegacy(0)
+	decorationSeed := random.SetDecorationSeed(seed, chunkX<<4, chunkZ<<4)
+	return random, decorationSeed
+}
+
+type BiomeGeneration struct {
+	Carvers  json.RawMessage `json:"carvers"`
+	Features [][]string      `json:"features"`
+}
+
+var (
+	featureSetOnce sync.Once
+	featureSet     *FeatureSet
+	featureSetErr  error
+)
+
+// LoadFeatureSet parses and validates the committed vanilla 26.1.2 feature
+// datapack archive. The result is immutable and shared by all worlds.
+func LoadFeatureSet() (*FeatureSet, error) {
+	featureSetOnce.Do(func() { featureSet, featureSetErr = loadFeatureSet(featureData) })
+	return featureSet, featureSetErr
+}
+
+func (s *FeatureSet) Ore(name string) (OreFeatureConfig, error) {
+	configured, ok := s.Configured[name]
+	if !ok || configured.Type != "minecraft:ore" {
+		return OreFeatureConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: %s is not an ore feature", name)
+	}
+	var config OreFeatureConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(configured.Config, &config); err != nil {
+		return OreFeatureConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: decode %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	if config.Size < 1 || len(config.Targets) == 0 {
+		return OreFeatureConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: invalid ore config %s", name)
+	}
+	return config, nil
+}
+
+func (s *FeatureSet) Placement(name string) (PlacementPlan, error) {
+	placed, ok := s.Placed[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return PlacementPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: placed feature %s missing", name)
+	}
+	plan := PlacementPlan{Count: CountProvider{Min: 1, Max: 1}, MinY: HeightProvider{AboveBottom: intPtr(0)}, MaxY: HeightProvider{Absolute: intPtr(320)}}
+	for _, modifier := range placed.Placement {
+		switch modifier.Type {
+		case "minecraft:rarity_filter":
+			var value struct {
+				Chance int `json:"chance"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(modifier.Raw, &value); err != nil || value.Chance < 1 {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: %s invalid rarity filter", name)
+			}
+			plan.RarityChance = value.Chance
+		case "minecraft:count":
+			var value struct {
+				Count json.RawMessage `json:"count"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(modifier.Raw, &value); err != nil {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, err
+			}
+			count, err := parseIntProvider(value.Count)
+			if err != nil {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: %s count: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			plan.Count = count
+		case "minecraft:height_range":
+			var value struct {
+				Height struct {
+					Type string          `json:"type"`
+					Min  json.RawMessage `json:"min_inclusive"`
+					Max  json.RawMessage `json:"max_inclusive"`
+				} `json:"height"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(modifier.Raw, &value); err != nil {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, err
+			}
+			min, err := parseFeatureHeight(value.Height.Min)
+			if err != nil {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, err
+			}
+			max, err := parseFeatureHeight(value.Height.Max)
+			if err != nil {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, err
+			}
+			if value.Height.Type != "minecraft:uniform" && value.Height.Type != "minecraft:trapezoid" {
+				return PlacementPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: %s unsupported height distribution %q", name, value.Height.Type)
+			}
+			plan.HeightDistribution, plan.MinY, plan.MaxY = value.Height.Type, min, max
+		case "minecraft:in_square", "minecraft:biome":
+			// Coordinate spreading and biome validation are applied by the world
+			// executor. Keeping them in the parsed plan preserves their order.
+		default:
+			return PlacementPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: %s unsupported placement modifier %q", name, modifier.Type)
+		}
+	}
+	return plan, nil
+}
+
+func parseIntProvider(raw json.RawMessage) (CountProvider, error) {
+	var fixed int
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &fixed); err == nil {
+		return CountProvider{Min: fixed, Max: fixed}, nil
+	}
+	var uniform struct {
+		Type string `json:"type"`
+		Min  int    `json:"min_inclusive"`
+		Max  int    `json:"max_inclusive"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &uniform); err != nil || uniform.Type != "minecraft:uniform" {
+		return CountProvider{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported count provider %s", raw)
+	}
+	return CountProvider{Min: uniform.Min, Max: uniform.Max}, nil
+}
+
+func parseFeatureHeight(raw json.RawMessage) (HeightProvider, error) {
+	var value struct {
+		Absolute    *int `json:"absolute"`
+		AboveBottom *int `json:"above_bottom"`
+		BelowTop    *int `json:"below_top"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err != nil {
+		return HeightProvider{}, err
+	}
+	if value.Absolute == nil && value.AboveBottom == nil && value.BelowTop == nil {
+		return HeightProvider{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported height provider %s", raw)
+	}
+	return HeightProvider{Absolute: value.Absolute, AboveBottom: value.AboveBottom, BelowTop: value.BelowTop}, nil
+}
+
+func intPtr(value int) *int { return &value }
+
+func loadFeatureSet(data []byte) (*FeatureSet, error) {
+	zr, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: feature archive: %w", err)
+	}
+	set := &FeatureSet{
+		Configured: make(map[string]ConfiguredFeature),
+		Placed:     make(map[string]PlacedFeature),
+		Biomes:     make(map[string]BiomeGeneration),
+		BlockTags:  make(map[string][]string),
+	}
+	for _, file := range zr.File {
+		r, err := file.Open()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		var raw json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
+			r.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: decode %s: %w", file.Name, err)
+		}
+		r.Close()
+		name := resourceName(file.Name)
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(file.Name, "/configured_feature/"):
+			var value ConfiguredFeature
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: configured feature %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			set.Configured[name] = value
+		case strings.Contains(file.Name, "/placed_feature/"):
+			var value struct {
+				Feature   string            `json:"feature"`
+				Placement []json.RawMessage `json:"placement"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: placed feature %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			placed := PlacedFeature{Feature: value.Feature, Placement: make([]PlacementModifier, len(value.Placement))}
+			for i, modifierRaw := range value.Placement {
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(modifierRaw, &placed.Placement[i]); err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: placed feature %s modifier %d: %w", name, i, err)
+				}
+				placed.Placement[i].Raw = modifierRaw
+			}
+			set.Placed[name] = placed
+		case strings.Contains(file.Name, "/biome/"):
+			var biome BiomeGeneration
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &biome); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: biome %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			set.Biomes[name] = biome
+		case strings.Contains(file.Name, "/tags/block/"):
+			var tag struct {
+				Values []string `json:"values"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &tag); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: block tag %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			set.BlockTags[name] = tag.Values
+		}
+	}
+	if len(set.Configured) < 200 || len(set.Placed) < 250 || len(set.Biomes) < 60 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: incomplete feature archive: %d configured, %d placed, %d biomes",
+			len(set.Configured), len(set.Placed), len(set.Biomes))
+	}
+	for name, placed := range set.Placed {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(placed.Feature, "minecraft:") {
+			if _, ok := set.Configured[placed.Feature]; !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: placed feature %s references missing %s", name, placed.Feature)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for biomeName, biome := range set.Biomes {
+		for stage, names := range biome.Features {
+			for _, name := range names {
+				if _, ok := set.Placed[name]; !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("worldgen: biome %s stage %d references missing %s", biomeName, stage, name)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return set, nil
+}
+
+func resourceName(file string) string {
+	base := strings.TrimSuffix(path.Base(file), ".json")
+	return "minecraft:" + base
+}
diff --git a/internal/worldgen/features_test.go b/internal/worldgen/features_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb6fe27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/worldgen/features_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package worldgen
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestFeatureDatapackLoadsAndLinks(t *testing.T) {
+	set, err := LoadFeatureSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	placed, ok := set.Placed["minecraft:ore_diamond"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("ore_diamond placed feature missing")
+	}
+	if placed.Feature != "minecraft:ore_diamond_small" || len(placed.Placement) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("ore_diamond = feature %q, %d modifiers", placed.Feature, len(placed.Placement))
+	}
+	configured := set.Configured[placed.Feature]
+	if configured.Type != "minecraft:ore" {
+		t.Fatalf("configured type = %q", configured.Type)
+	}
+	plains := set.Biomes["minecraft:plains"]
+	if len(plains.Features) != 11 || len(plains.Features[6]) < 20 {
+		t.Fatalf("plains stages=%d underground ores=%d", len(plains.Features), len(plains.Features[6]))
+	}
+	if len(set.BlockTags["minecraft:stone_ore_replaceables"]) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("stone_ore_replaceables tag missing")
+	}
+	ore, err := set.Ore("minecraft:ore_diamond_small")
+	if err != nil || ore.Size != 4 || len(ore.Targets) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("diamond config = %+v, err=%v", ore, err)
+	}
+	plan, err := set.Placement("minecraft:ore_diamond")
+	if err != nil || plan.Count.Min != 7 || plan.Count.Max != 7 || plan.MinY.AboveBottom == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diamond placement = %+v, err=%v", plan, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/worldgen/random.go b/internal/worldgen/random.go
index e96500a..16d0089 100644
--- a/internal/worldgen/random.go
+++ b/internal/worldgen/random.go
@@ -196,6 +196,23 @@ func (r *Legacy) SetLargeFeatureSeed(seed int64, chunkX, chunkZ int) {
 	r.SetSeed(int64(chunkX)*a ^ int64(chunkZ)*b ^ seed)
 }
 
+// SetDecorationSeed is WorldgenRandom.setDecorationSeed. It returns the seed
+// used for the chunk's feature stages; individual features derive their seeds
+// from this value, stage index, and feature index.
+func (r *Legacy) SetDecorationSeed(seed int64, blockX, blockZ int) int64 {
+	r.SetSeed(seed)
+	a := r.NextLong() | 1
+	b := r.NextLong() | 1
+	decorationSeed := int64(blockX)*a + int64(blockZ)*b ^ seed
+	r.SetSeed(decorationSeed)
+	return decorationSeed
+}
+
+// SetFeatureSeed selects one configured feature in one decoration stage.
+func (r *Legacy) SetFeatureSeed(decorationSeed int64, featureIndex, stage int) {
+	r.SetSeed(decorationSeed + int64(featureIndex) + int64(10000*stage))
+}
+
 // next returns the top `b` bits of the next LCG state.
 func (r *Legacy) next(b uint) int32 {
 	r.seed = (r.seed*lcgMultiplier + lcgAddend) & lcgMask